Leased Line Killer
PA2000
User Manual
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Leased Line Killer PA2000 | ||
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User Manual | ||
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ContentsAPPLICATION 3INSTALLING THE UNIT 3 Example terminal session to configure the unit. 4 Main configuration fields 5Terminal and Telnet configuration 7 Telnet configuration 7Configuration prompts 7 Config menu commands 9Maintenance menu commands 10 Web Browser Configuration 12 Status Page 13 Main Configuration Page 14 Main Configuration Page Fields 15 Technical Issues 16 G703/4 Local Clocking 16 Good configurations 16Bad configurations 16 Loopback clocking 16 16 Setting the clock mode 16 End to end clocking 17Perfect clocking 17 Imperfect clocking 17 Compression 18Compressability of user data 18 Compressability of BERT data. 18 | ||
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APPLICATION The Teltronix PA2000 presents a standard 2Mb/s G703/4 interface and 10 and 100BaseT LAN interfaces. The device is designed to create a virtual leased line using a standard IP network as the data carrying backbone. A typical application would be linking two PABXs via an ethernet network. | ||||
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INSTALLING THE UNIT 1. Connect the "TX" port of the unit to the "RX" port of the terminating equipment. 2. Connect the "RX" port of the unit to the "TX" port of the terminating equipment. 3. Connect the "LAN2" port to the IP network to be used for the data link to the remote PA2000. 4. Connect the supplied management cable to the management port of the unit and the serial port of a P.C. or terminal. The serial port settings are 9600baud,no parity,8 data bits,1 stop bit. 5. Connect mains power to the unit using the supplied mains cable. 6. Start the terminal program on the PC. Press return a few times, you should see the prompt:- PA2000:PA2000:Enter Admin Password: 7. The default password is "password". | ||||
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Example terminal session to configure the unit. | ||
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In this example, the local terminating equipment is "CLOCK MASTER" so the local PA2000 should be configured as "G703-Slave". The local PA2000 IP address is 10.100.1.122 and the remote PA2000 IP address is 10.100.1.121. Note that if you don't want to change a setting during terminal config, just press return (e.g. see LAN2 IP mask in the example below). | ||
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PA2000:PA2000:Enter Admin Password:password PA2000>help Case PA2000 Commands ————————————————- Config Configure unit Exit Exit session Maint Maintenance Ping Ping test Status Report unit status PA2000>config PA2000#help
PA2000 configuration commands —————————————————————- Default Default configuration Exit Exit config LAN1 LAN1 (Config/Local LAN) LAN2 LAN2 (Data link LAN) Main *** Main config *** Password Change password Route Change/View routing table Save Save configuration and reboot Sync Sync port PA2000#main Unit name:PA2000:Test LAN2:Address mode:FIXED: LAN2:Port speed:Auto: LAN2:IP Address:10.100.0.1:10.100.1.122 LAN2:IP Mask:255.255.255.0: LINK:Remote IP Address:10.100.0.1:10.100.1.121 SYNC:Mode:G703-SLAVE: SYNC:G704 Starting timeslot:1 (Normal): SYNC:G704 No timeslots:31 (1.984 Mb/s): PA2000#save | ||
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Note that the command config followed by the command main was used to enter the main configuration and the command save was used to save the configuration to flash memory. | ||
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Format of fields in terminal or telnet session.
Configuration fields are always presented as "Field name or description" ": colon" "current value" ": colon" "space for new value" e.g. LAN2:IP Address:10.100.0.1:10.100.1.122 Here LAN2 IP Address has been changed from value 10.100.0.1 to 10.100.1.122. Repsonding to a field by just pressing return will cause the current field value is used. Responding with an invalid value will cause the question to be asked again. | ||
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There are eight main configuration fields. Usually setting up these eight values correctly is all that is required to setup the unit.
Main configuration fields
Unit Name:The name of the unit e.g. "London"
LAN2 Config LAN2 is the 10/100 ethernet port. This port should be used for the data link between PA2000s.
Address Mode:Use FIXED for a pre-configured address, DYNAMIC means get an IP address from a DHCP server.
IP Address:The fixed IP address for LAN2.
IP Mask:The fixed IP mask for LAN2. Typical value would be 255.255.255.0.
Port speed:Usually set to Auto. Do not change this unless you are having problems with the switch or hub you are connecting to. | ||
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Link remote IP address This is the address of the remote PA2000, the other end of the virtual leased line. Setting this to the same address as LAN2 IP Address will make the unit "loop back" allowing local BERT tests to be performed.
Sync Port Mode (G703/G704) This sets the data format and clocking. G703 gives 32 transparent timeslots. G703 mode can carry G703 and G704 data with the G704 framing carried transparently. G704 mode can only carry G704 data. In G704 mode the framing data is not carried across the link, but generated locally at each end. G704 mode uses less bandwidth than G703 mode.
Sync Port Mode (Master/Slave) MASTER mode makes the PA2000 use it's own clock for transmitted data.SLAVE mode makes the PA2000 synchronize the transmit clock to the recevied clock. | ||
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G704 starting timeslot This is the number of the first timeslot to be carried in G704 mode.This should normally be set to 1. The amount of LAN bandwidth used between PA2000s can be reduced by reducing the number of timeslots carried. However the compression algorithm in the PA2000 will prevent unused timeslots wasting too much bandwidth on the LAN anyway.
G704 No timeslots This sets the number of timeslots to be transmitted in G704 mode. This should normally be set to 31. See the note above about LAN bandwidth. | |||
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Terminal and Telnet configurationThe unit can be configured by serial terminal or telnet session. Terminal configuration is described on page 4.
Telnet configurationOnce the unit has been configured with an IP address a telnet session can be started by telneting to the unit's ip address.
e.g. If the unit's IP address is 10.100.1.121, the windows run command (Click on Start then Run) "Telnet 10.100.1.121" will open a telnet session to the unit. The default admin password is "password"
Configuration promptsOnce the correct admin password has been given, the unit will reply with a prompt to indicate the mode. The prompt is in the form "unit name" "prompt character" The unit name is the name of the unit configured by the main config command.
The prompt characters are:-
>(Greater than sign) for MAIN MENU #(Hash sign) for CONFIG MENU $(Dollar sign) for MAINTENANCE MENU
e.g. PA2000> In main menu PA2000# In config menu PA2000$ In maintenance menu | ||
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>Main menu commands
Config Enter the config menu.
Exit Close the terminal or telnet session.
Help Print a list of commands available in the current mode.
Maint Enter the maintenance menu.
Ping Ping will cause four ICMP echo request packets to be sent to the specified IP address. If no IP address is specified one will be requested.
e.g. PA20000>ping 10.100.1.1 Ping 10.100.1.1 PA20000>Ping reply Ping reply Ping reply Ping reply
Status Status prints a short status report on the G703 port and the IP link to the remote unit.
e.g. PA2000>status G703:Got signal. G704 Alarms: IP Link status:Up | ||
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#Config menu commands | ||
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Default The configuration is reset to the factory default configuration EXCEPT for the IP addresses of LAN1 and LAN2.
Exit Returns to the main menu.
Help Print a list of commands available in the current mode.
LAN1 Configure LAN port 1.
LAN2 Configure LAN port 2.
Main Main configuration. All the configuration items for a typical setup are brought together here. See page 4.
Password Changes the admin password. The current password is required. | ||
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Route Route add adds a new route to the routing table. Route del deletes a route from the routing table. Route print prints out the current IP routing table. | ||
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Save Saves the configutation to flash memory and reboots the unit. | ||
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Sync Configures the synchronous port. This can also be achieved via the main command. | ||
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$Maintenance menu commands | ||
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ARPlog Prints out a log of Address Resolution Protocol activity. The log shows learnt mac and IP addresses and shows any warnings about address conflicts. | ||
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Buffers Shows the number of free packet buffers in the system.
Con Shows the statistics for the console (serial) port.
G703 Shows the statisitics for the G703 port.
G704 Shows the statistics for the G704 monitor. When the unit is in G704 mode CRC errors are checked. | ||
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Help Displays a list of commands available in the current mode. | ||
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Exit Returns to the main menu. | ||
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LAN1 Shows the statistics for LAN port 1.
LAN2 Shows the statistics for LAN port2. | ||
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Loader Starts the TFTP server. This command is used to download new code the unit via any TFTP program or the HiveLoad program. | ||
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PCMlog Logs events occuring on the G703 port and the IP link to the remote PA2000. | ||
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Ping Ping will cause four ICMP echo request packets to be sent to the specified IP address. If no IP address is specified one will be requested.
e.g. PA2000>ping 10.100.1.1 Ping 10.100.1.1 PA2000>Ping reply Ping reply Ping reply Ping reply | ||
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Portlog Shows a log of events on the unit's ports. | |||
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Rand Prints out a block of random numbers from the unit's hardware random number generator. | |||
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Route Route add adds a new route to the routing table. Route del deletes a route from the routing table. Route print prints out the current IP routing table. | |||
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Sync Shows the statistics for the synchronous port. This port handles the raw received data after G703 decoding and raw transmitted data before G703 encoding. | |||
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Web Browser Configuration | ||
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It is possible to use a web browser like Internet Explorer or Netscape to configure the PA2000. Type in the IP address of the PA2000 as the URL. The browser will prompt for a username and password. The username is "admin" and the default password is "password". | ||
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After providing a valid username and password the browser should show the main status page. On the left side is the menu. The most import items are :- | ||
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Status Shows the status page | ||
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Main The main configuration page. This page is all that is required to fully configure the PA2000 in most cases. | ||
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Save Config Saves the unit's current configuration to flash memory.
Version Displays the version of bios,loader and application running on the unit and links to licencing information. | ||
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Default Database This link will cause the unit to reset all settings to factory default EXCEPT the unit's IP address. | ||
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Status Page | ||
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The status page shows the current status of the unit. This page does not automatically refresh. Click on the statistics link for a page which does automatically refresh. The main items on the status page are:-
Up Time Shows the amount of time the unit has been running.
G703 Status Shows the current link status (Signal / No Signal)
G704 Alarms Shows any standard G704 alarm condtions. e.g. RED
IP Link Status Shows if the unit is connected to another PA2000 via an IP network or not. | ||
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Main Configuration Page | ||
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After changing the field values to the appropriate values press the Submit button to send the changes to the unit. If any field is invalid, it will be shown with "*>" at the start of the field. To save changes to flash memory click on "Save Config" in the left hand menu. | ||
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Main Configuration Page Fields | ||
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Unit Name:The name of the unit e.g. "London"
LAN2 Config LAN2 is the 10/100 ethernet port. This port should be used for the data link between PA2000s.
Address Mode:Use FIXED for a pre-configured address, DYNAMIC means get an IP address from a DHCP server.
IP Address:The fixed IP address for LAN2.
IP Mask:The fixed IP mask for LAN2. Typical value would be 255.255.255.0.
Port speed:Usually set to Auto. Do not change this unless you are having problems with the switch or hub you are connecting to. | ||
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Link remote IP address This is the address of the remote PA2000, the other end of the virtual leased line. Setting this to the same address as LAN2 IP Address will make the unit "loop back" allowing local BERT tests to be performed.
Sync Port Mode (G703/G704) This sets the data format and clocking. G703 gives 32 transparent timeslots. G703 mode can carry G703 and G704 data with the G704 framing carried transparently. G704 mode can only carry G704 data. In G704 mode the framing data is not carried across the link, but generated locally at each end. G704 mode uses less bandwidth than G703 mode.
Sync Port Mode (Master/Slave) MASTER mode makes the PA2000 use it's own clock for transmitted data.SLAVE mode makes the PA2000 synchronize the transmit clock to the recevied clock. | ||
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G704 starting timeslot This is the number of the first timeslot to be carried in G704 mode.This should normally be set to 1. The amount of LAN bandwidth used between PA2000s can be reduced by reducing the number of timeslots carried. However the compression algorithm in the PA2000 will prevent unused timeslots wasting too much bandwidth on the LAN anyway.
G704 No timeslots This sets the number of timeslots to be transmitted in G704 mode. This should normally be set to 31. See the note above about LAN bandwidth. | ||
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Technical Issues G703/4 Local Clocking
The PA2000 supports master or slave clocking on the G703 port. Master Clocking makes the unit use it's own clock for the transmit data port. Slave clocking makes the unit derive the transmit clock from the received clock from the rx data port. When the PA2000 is in clock master mode, the PBX connected to the G703 port should be in clock slave mode. When the PA2000 is in clock slave mode, the PBX connected to the G703 port should be in clock master mode. | ||
Good configurations | ||
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Bad configurations | ||
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Loopback clockingIf the transmit port is connected to the receive port to make a test loop, the PA2000 MUST be configured to clock master mode. Setting the clock mode There are four port modes:- G703Master Unstructured data clock master G703Slave Unstructured data clock slave G704Master Structured data clock master G704Slave Structured data clock slave The mode can be set via the console commands config and main or via the web browser main configuration page. | ||
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End to end clocking | ||
Perfect clockingTo achieve perfect end to end clocking the local and remote PA2000s should be set to clock slave mode and the PBXs connected to the PA2000s should derive their clocks from the same source. This may be difficult or expensive to setup in practice but, in most cases, imperfect clocking described below will achieve acceptable results. | ||
Imperfect clockingIf one or both PA2000s on a link are set to clock master mode, the clocks at either end of the link will not be synchronized. The PA2000 buffers data so that the relative clock slip will result in a small burst error, typically every 10 to 120 minutes. In a typical PBX link up this is not noticable. In a BERT test the Severely Errored Seconds and Unusable Seconds values would be zero, even over a period of many hours. | ||
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CompressionThe PA2000 includes a lossless compresion algorithm to reduce LAN bandwidth. Lossless compresion means that the compresison has no effect on data integrity. Data fed in at one end of a PA2000 virtual leased line emerges at the other end unchanged.
Compressability of user dataSome data is more compressable that other data, data between two working PBX's can be compressed well. Call setup data, ISDN B channel data and voice data will usually all compress.
Compressability of BERT data.Note that data from a BERT tester will NOT usually compress. Data from a BERT tester looks like random data and cannot be compressed well by general purpose algorithms. It IS possible to devise and algorithm to deduce the BERT's pseudo random pattern and artificially generate that pattern at the remote end, giving the impression of excellent compression. The PA2000 does not do this because it would give misleading results.
IN GENERAL USING A BERT GIVES THE WORST CASE SCENARIO FOR THE COMPRESSION ALGORITHMS AND THEREFORE A LINK THAT WORKS WITH A BERT TESTER SHOULD WORK VERY WELL WITH REAL USER VOICE OR DATA. | ||
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